If we dig deeper into the origin and evolution of Hindi poetry then we can find it to be segregated in four eras of Adikal, Bhaktikal, Ritikal and Adhunikkal. Adikal refers to period between 10th century to the beginning of 14th century. Bhaktikal is also referred as devotional period that stretches from 14th century to 17th century. This was the period when Mughal ruled over India and Hindi was losing its prominence. Ritikal is also known as Scholastic period and this period witnessed emergence of two types of poets; Ritimukta and Ritibaddha. The former referred to poets whose compositions were bereft of any rhetorical conventions whereas later signified poets with rhetoric.
The last era is of modern Hindi literature that has four subdivisions of Renaissance, Dwivedi Yug, Chhayavada Yug and Contemporary era. Renaissance period owes a lot to Bhartendu Harishchandra who is also known as Father of Modern Hindi Literature because of his contribution in bringing modern outlook in Hindi literature. Dwivedi era was guided by Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi who is credit to bring a reformed style of writing in Hindi poetry. We are a part of contemporary era that is in existence since 1937. Hindi poetry has given numerous gems in all the eras. Hindi shayari has kept on getting stronger and considering its spread in many parts of the world, Hindi is sure to witness few more refinements. Expatriates of Indian origin have taken Hindi to diverse places and it is widely spoken in many parts of the world.
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