Indus Valley Civilization

Indus Valley Civilization is known for giving several new things to the world. It spread over a large area of the Indus and Ghaggar river valleys in northwest India bordering Pakistan, and in Kutch and Saurashtra in Gujarat. The area it covered was bigger than any of its contemporary civilizations. Surkotda, Kalibangan, Rakhigari, Dholavira etc were some of the prominent Indus cities. Indus Valley Civilization has been credited with some wonderful new things that include cultured economy, splendid planning and creation of new towns.

This civilization was basically agriculture based. The economy of Indus valley civilization was also well versed in the business of marine life for subsistence. Craft of ceramics, bead making and shell were also the prominent feature of this era. The design and planning used in the town construction was the prime feature of Indus valley. It still baffles experts how the planners of that era managed to make such well regulated streets and houses of comfortable and proper sizes. The town planners had also constructed the city in two parts of lower town and citadel. Fortifications were done separately for both parts of the town. Indus valley civilization has earned its fame on basis of its domestic as well as foreign trade. The other outstanding features comprise of established religious beliefs, weight and measure system and literary skills as amply demonstrated in written scripts. By the end of 1700 B.C, Indus valley civilization has started to decline and many new settlements came out of the fragmentation of this era.